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From the heart of the state - The Governorate is told: it is the title of the quarterly online periodical, promoted and published by the Governatorate of the Vatican City State.
In the last ten years, the Pontifical Villas have undergone a gradual transformation, from summer residence of the Popes, to a cultural hub open to visitors from around the world. The following is an interview with Andrea Tamburelli, Director of the Directorate of the Pontifical Villas.
Castel Gandolfo is an exquisite town in the Castelli Romani, located at the top of the ridge of Lake Albano, over the surrounding country, towards the sea and Rome.
The deep and still relevant bond between the Popes and Castel Gandolfo dates back to 1623, some 400 years ago, with Urban VIII Barberini, who was the first Pope to stay at the Castel Gandolfo residence. From accounts of historical facts and contexts, we can better understand what unites this joyful town with the Apostolic See and the successors of Peter, up to the current Pope.
Around 1200, the Gandolfi family from Genoa built a castle on the hill of Castel Gandolf, possibly over the ruins of Albalonga. The family name later became the name of the today’s town.
After some decades, the area was bought by the Savelli family, who owned it for some three centuries.
In 1596, during the Pontificate of Clement VII Aldobrandini (1592-1605), the Apostolic Chamber took possession of the territories of Castel Gandolfo and of Rocca Priora, with the Bull known as “Congregation of Barons”, seizing the property of the Savelli who had refused to repay back a debt of 150,000 écus. Part of the debt was later repaid and Rocca Priora was returned to the Savelli family, whereas Castel Gandolfo was declared an inalienable patrimony of the Holy See and permanently incorporated into the temporal goods of the Church.
At the behest of the community of Castel Gandolfo, Paul V Borghese (1605-1621) provided the town and the citadel with abundant water, by restructuring the aqueduct that brought water from the springs of Malaffitto, today known as Palazzolo. They are the property of Vatican City State still today.
Urban VIII Barberini (1623-1644) was the first Pontiff to stay at the Castel Gandolfo residence, in the Spring of 1626, once the Palace had been restructured by Carlo Maderno.
A garden was planted inside the Palace (Garden of the Moor) and during the same Pontificate of Urban VIII, Simone Lagi of Florence decorated the private chapel, the oratory and the tree-lined avenues, known as Galleria di Sopra and Galleria di Sotto (Upper and Lower Gallery) that connect Castel Gandolfo to Albano.
Alessandro VII Chigi (1655-1667) completed the construction of the Pontifical Palace with a new facade looking out onto the Square, a wing facing the sea and a large gallery, designed by Bernini.
Clement XIV Ganganelli (1769-1774) expanded the residence by buying neighbouring Villa Cybo in March 1773.
In 1870, with the end of the Papal States, the papal residence of Castel Gandolfo was abandoned for a period that lasted 60 years.
The Lateran Treaty of 1929 gave the Pontifical Villas their current dimensions, with the addition of the Villa Barberini complex, in which newly designed gardens were installed -- among those deserving special attention is the Belvedere gardens -- and the purchase of some vegetable gardens near Albano for a small agriculture business.
Pius XI Ratti (1922-1939) ordered consolidation and renovation works of the Pontifical Palace to make it more suitable to its new demands and for connections between the three villas (Garden of the Moor, Villa Cybo and Villa Barberini).
In 1934, the Astronomical Observatory was moved from the Vatican to Castel Gandolfo, and entrusted to the Jesuits.
The complex of the Pontifical Villas was thus delineated into 55 hectares, stretched between the Municipalities of Castel Gandolfo and Albano, which enjoyed privileges of extraterritoriality.
Over the last few years, with the election of Pope Francis, the style and use of the huge patrimony of the Villas has profoundly changed. The summer residence of Popes has become an area open to the public to reveal the great beauty of the place. We have therefore gone from providing a daily service to the Popes, to providing a service to the tourists and museum guides who visit the Villas.
It is extremely clear from this, that we need to find a new “Role” for the Pontifical Villas, and we have been working towards this with the support of close collaborators and of my colleagues, the Directors of Vatican City State, and above all, with the help of the President, Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga and of General Secretary Sister Raffaella Petrini.
I have seen the progressive transformation of the Pontifical Villas over the years, from summer residence of the Popes to cultural hub. Tourism and cultural aspects will be joined together, with more exhibitions, conferences, institutional meetings and events that will make the Villas a “patrimony of culture and humanity”.
Relations between the two Directorates are frequent and undoubtedly productive. I can confirm in fact, that for a few years now, in accordance with the wishes of the Holy Father, the Villas were opened to the public and the number of visitors is constantly on the rise. In 2023, a record number of more than 200,000 people visited the Villas. The various tours on offer are handled by the Directorate of the Vatican Museums and Cultural Heritage, in cooperation with the Directorate of the Pontifical Villas.
The positive effects of this collaboration between the two Directorates, along with the decision of the Directorate of the Pontifical Villas, which, in agreement with the Bodies of Government of the State, has eliminated any extraordinary investment and curbed costs for ordinary administrative activities, maintaining only the costs required to manage current aspects, can already be seen: for the first time ever, the Directorate of the Pontifical Villas has reported a positive budget variance. Thus, the enlightened vision of the Pontiff that began in 2014, was successfully achieved in 2023.
This virtuous cycle is still continuing in 2024, with the organization of new tours for our visitors, and the enhancement of exhibitions hosted at the Pontifical Palace and the internal itinerary of Villa Barberini, mostly aimed at enhancing the historical monument of the building.
This process will have a limited effect with respect to the past because the extraterritorial zone of Castel Gandolfo, will be undergoing an important transformation. In 2024, the territory will be managed by two bodies:
The Governorate, through the Directorate of the Pontifical Villas, will manage the Pontifical Palace and its associated areas, including the Secret Garden and the Garden of the Moor, as well as Palazzo Barberini and the “museum of the Antiquarium” which houses important findings from the Roman era, discovered in excavations of Emperor Domitian’s Villa (81-96 A.D.).
The Laudato Si’ Centre for higher education will manage the remaining areas of the Pontifical Villas.
There are currently 20 staff members, working mainly in the management and maintenance of the Pontifical Palace and Palazzo Barberini, and in the management of the Garden of the Moor and the Secret Garden. There used to be more than 60 members of staff, but some of them have left us because they had reached retirement age, while others work in the Gardens of Villa Barberini, today entrusted to the Vatican Administration. Many of them come to visit us often because the Pontifical Villas are always in the hearts of those who have spent some time there.
Forty years ago, the Holy See and the United States of America began diplomatic relations. The Governorate of Vatican City State will issue a stamp by the Post and Philately Service of the Directorate of Telecommunications and Information Systems, to commemorate the anniversary.
“Spirituality and Astronomy 2024 -- ‘When They Saw the Star, They Rejoiced with Great Joy’” is the theme of a workshop that takes place from 30 August to 1 September at the Vatican Observatory headquarters. The workshop will include introductory lessons, moments of prayer and sharing, visits to telescopes and evenings dedicated to observing the skies. Participants will be accompanied by members of the Jesuit community, Vatican Observatory researchers, professors and amateur astronomers.
Among the initiatives organized for the centenary of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Panama is also the issue of a stamp produced by the Post and Philately Service and the Governorate of Vatican City State.
A reproduction of the stamp was symbolically unveiled by Sr. Raffaella Petrini, General Secretary of the Governorate and by the outgoing Ambassador of the Republic of Panama to the Holy See, H.E. Ms. Miroslava Rosas Vargas.
The unveiling ceremony took place on Wednesday evening, 21 August, in Rome’s Basilica of San Lorenzo in Damaso in the Palazzo della Cancelleria.
Among those present, were Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Secretary of State, and Father Agustín Hernández Vidales, OFM, Rector Magnificent of the Pontifical Antonianum University.
At the end of the ceremony, Fr Antonio Pelayo Bombín, counsellor for Church affairs at the Embassy of Spain to the Holy See, presented a large volume titled, “Republic of Panama – Holy See 1923-2023, which retraces 100 years of diplomatic relations.
Earlier, Cardinal Parolin had celebrated Mass, to farewell outgoing Ambassador, H.E. Ms. Miroslava Rosas Vargas.
The following is the speech delivered by Sister Raffaella Petrini on the occasion:
I greet H.E. Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Secretary of State, all the Authorities present, and in particular, H.E. Ms. Miroslava Rosas Vargas, Ambassador of Panama.
Today, we are sharing a moment of thanksgiving for the intense work you have undertaken in these years, whose fruits I am happy to say, include collaboration with the Governorate, thanks to which, 100 years of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and the Republic of Panama, have also been sealed philatelically, with the issue of the stamp we will soon unveil.
Initiatives such as these help to raise interest in the larger public of collectors, but also to highlight the feeling of friendship that marks relations between the two States. And this is the message that we wished to convey in the image of the two flags converging towards a reassuring and well-wishing bright background.
Indeed, the solidity of the bond between the Holy See and the Republic of Panama was mentioned several times by Supreme Pontiffs in these 100 years, which Benedict XVI described as “constant and fruitful”, and thanks to which the work of the Church and of the State “converge” like our flags depicted here, “in seeking the common good of the same citizens, placing themselves at the service of their personal and social vocations” (Discourse of 30 October 2009).
In 1947, Pius XII, referring to the creation of the first diocese on the mainland of the New World - Santa Maria la Antigua (Saint Mary the Ancient) – had described Panama as “the first place on the American continent where an evangelizing plant had been placed (…) to give to the New World what is best and most divine of the Old World, a message of peace and love from our Lord Jesus Christ (cf. Discourse of 11 October 1947).
More recently, Pope Francis, who had just returned from a trip to Panama for World Youth Day, said he had met a “noble people And nobility is not bought, it is generated, it is inherited, it is breathed, it is lived” (13 June 2019).
I would like to express my sincere admiration for the people you represent. I renew my best wishes for an ever fruitful work in favour of your country and assure you that I will remember you in my prayers.
Thank you.
On Monday, 5 July 2010, during his address for the inauguration of the new fountain in the Vatican Gardens dedicated to Saint Joseph, Benedict XVI said, “It is a work that increases the artistic patrimony of this enchanting green space in Vatican City, full of historical and artistic testimonies of various epochs. Indeed, not only the lawns, the flowers, plants and trees, but also the towers, pavilions, small temples, fountains, statues and other buildings make this garden into a fascinating unicum”.
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